Suchergebnisse

En este escrito se presenta un enfoque del estado del arte de los procesos térmicos que conforman un banco de pruebas para turbocargadores vehiculares, donde se clasifican según su fuente de energía, como la proveniente de un motor de combustión interna, o de un flujo frio, o de un sistema de calentamiento por resistencias o cámara de combustión por gas. La revisión sistemática de artículos científicos consultados a través del gestor de la base de datos Mendeley, sin restricción de fecha, en los idiomas español e inglés, del cual se incluyó literatura gris mediante búsqueda manual por medio Google Académico, también se revisaron sus resumenes y en los casos necesarios los artículos completos, teniéndose en cuenta finalmente los artículos que incluyen recomendaciones sobre los modelos matemáticos de proceso referentes a los turbocargadores, cámara de combustión, filtros y plenum. Los documentos escogidos fueron un total de 90, clasificados 20 en el primer grupo como, bancos de pruebas para turbocargadores y el segundo grupo son 57 que corresponde a los componentes que conforman un banco de prueba. Estos documentos estan ubicandos en el tiempo por años, para el primer grupo desde 2002 hasta el 2019 y el segundo grupo desde el 2005 hasta 2021.

Modern energy services are essential to replace the extensive use of traditional biomass fuels driving several environmental, health, and social issues affecting the welfare of low-income citizens. Particularly, in Colombia, 11% of the households rely on inefficient firewood cooking systems, while two million people have either intermittent access or no access to electricity. This is particularly important in the department of Cordoba, where an average of 32% of the households relies on firewood for cooking, increasing to 66% of the households in rural areas. Furthermore, 20% of the rural population lack access to electricity. Therefore, this study aims at defining the biogas-based energy potential of the available agricultural and manure wastes in the department. To this end, governmental data is used to estimate the demand for firewood for cooking, the resulting GHG emissions, and the available agricultural and manure wastes. Overall, there are around 1.2 million t of agricultural wastes and 2.2 million t of manure yearly available in the department, representing an energy potential of 6687 TJ. Using 26% of the biogas-based energy potential identified suffices to support the 1334 TJ of biogas needed to replace cooking firewood and to supply the 390 TJ needed for household electricity generation. The use of biogas can reduce GHG emissions to 11% of the emissions resulting from cooking firewood. Polyethylene tubular digesters appear as the most indicated household technology, contrasted to geomembrane tubular digesters that need 2.4 times the initial capital investment while fixed dome digesters need 7.9 times the initial capital investment. Implementing household digesters to support the energy demand for cooking in the department, necessitates a minimum of 18 million USD, while the implementation of 'digester + electric generator' needs between 1.7 and 5.7 million USDdepending on the monthly demand of electricity of 60 kWh or 187 kWh.

The selection of the most suitable HVAC technology for buildings, is a complex challenge. Many factors such as, the features of the building, climatic conditions, energy consumption, Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), thermal comfort, regulations, aspects, economic and environmental aspects, all of which are shown on a local and national scope. There is no standard methodology that guarantees a single criterion for the selection of HVAC systems. Therefore, in its solution, as in almost all decision-making problems in the field of engineering, two different aspects are considered, theoretical and practical (Moreno, 2002) [1], thus forming a typical multi-criteria decision problem. This study proposes an integral performance indicator for the selection of air conditioning systems (ACPI), based on the multicriteria method of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), in order to choose the best HVAC system variant, based on its classification by integrating energy, environmental, and economic criteria. For the definition of the criteria, studies on HVAC system selection were reviewed and classified, applying multi-criteria on methods. The criteria were weighted based on surveys issued by a team made up of Professors/Researchers, architects, engineers, installers and managers linked to the HVAC sector. The ACPI model obtained, shows that the highest weighting corresponds to building energy consumption index 26.6%, IAQ 20.6%, thermal comfort 18.6%, CO2 emissions 12.1%, and finally, investment costs, operation and maintenance costs 11.6% and 10.3% respectively. The proposed ACPI, together with its analysis methodology, will allow researchers, architects, engineers, and government administration, to consider a wide range of alternative HVAC systems applied in buildings. With this, it will be possible to select them based on a decision-making model with a reliable source of information.

El balance energético del municipio de Cienfuegos permite al gobierno local conocer la contabilidad de todos los flujos energéticos y las relaciones entre las entradas y las salidas de energía y sus transformaciones; para la incorporación de la gestión energética local a la gestión de gobierno. El balance energético se realiza a través una metodología propuesta para el Balance Energético Municipal (BEM) desde el estudio y análisis de metodologías utilizadas en el mundo, a las cuales se les realiza adaptaciones a las condiciones cubanas, seleccionando como objeto de estudio el municipio de Cienfuegos, aplicándose tanto en el sector estatal como en el sector privado. ; The energy balance of the municipality of Cienfuegos allows the local government to know the accounting of all energy flows and the relationships between energy inputs and outputs and their transformations, element of relevance for the integration of local energy management with government management. The energy balance is carried out through a methodology pro-posed for the Municipal Energy Balance, that finds support in other methodologies used worldwide. These methodologies have been adapted to the Cuban context; they have been applied both in the government sector and in the private sector in the municipality of Cienfuegos, which is the region object of study of this research

The Government of Cuba proposed in the year 2011 an update of the economic and social model, where the management of energy is an element of influence in the economy of the country. This led to the approval of a policy for the development of renewable sources and the efficient use of energy. Another important aspect is the National Plan for development until 2030, which considers the use of natural resources including energy, environmental impacts, and its link with the local development. However, in the municipalities, there are few studies on local energy management (LEM), and they lack the essential elements to guarantee it. This study defined the elements of LEM for the management models of local governance in Cuba, the energy context, and the scenario for the development of LEM in the country. The results suggest a model for LEM that integrates its elements to the functions of local government in energy decisions that influence the economy, society, the environment and local development.

The data included in this study was calculated based on data provided by the national project registry provided by the Colombian government. The data forecasts the evolution of the power generation capacity registered in non-conventional renewable energy source projects in three scenarios of implementation of the power generation capacity registered in the projects. Results can be used to benchmark non-conventional renewable energy sources in Colombia, interpret the effectiveness of renewable policies, and monitor the evolution of non-conventional renewable-based power generation. The data presented in the article relates to the research study: A look to the electricity generation from nonconventional renewable energy sources in Colombia .